Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)
Politician and the founder of Pakistan
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Quaid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali
Jinnah was born
at Karachi on
December 25,
1876. He was
a lawyer and
politician who
fought for the
cause of India's
independence
from Britain,
then moved on
to found a Muslim
state in Pakistan
in 1947. Jinnah
entered politics
in India in
1905 and by
1917 his charisma
and diplomacy
had made him
a national leader
and the most
visible supporter
of Hindu-Muslim
unity. His strong
belief in gradual
and peaceful
change was in
contrast to
the civil disobedience
strategies of
Mohandas Gandhi,
and in the '30s
Jinnah broke
from the Indian
National Congress
to focus on
an independent
Muslim state.
In 1940 he demanded
a separate nation
in Pakistan
and by 1947
he managed to
get it from
the British
and India. Through
civil wars,
a rotten economy
and millions
of displaced
refugees, Quaid-i-Azam
Mohammad Ali
Jinnah ("the
great leader")
pretty much
built a country
from scratch.
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Sir Alama Mohammad Iqbal (1877–1938)
Poet, philosopher, and political leader
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Allama
Iqbal was born
at Silkot on
November 9,
1877 and studied
at Government
College, Lahore,
Cambridge, and
the Univ. of
Munich, and
then he taught
philosophy at
Government College
and practiced
law. He was
elected (1927)
to the Punjab
provincial legislature
and served (1930)
as president
of the Muslim
League. A staunch
advocate of
Indian nationalism,
he became a
supporter of
an independent
homeland for
India's Muslims
and he is regarded
as the spiritual
founder of Pakistan.
Iqbal was the
foremost Muslim
thinker of his
period, and
in his many
volumes of poetry
(written in
Urdu and Persian)
and essays,
he urged a regeneration
of Islam through
the love of
God and the
active development
of the self.
He was a firm
believer in
freedom and
the creative
force that freedom
can exert on
men. He was
knighted in
1922. His works
include The
Secrets of the
Self (1915,
tr. 1940), and
Javid-nama (1934,
tr. 1966). |
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